Aves | 
Charadriiformes | 
Laridae
			
			
			
				Environment: milieu / climate zone / εύρος βάθους / distribution range				
				
					Οικολογία				
				
			
			
				.  Subtropical; 62°N -   8°N, 126°W -   53°W (Αναφ. 124582)			
			
			
				
			
			
			
				Indo-Pacific, Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean:  Belize, Costa Rica and Netherlands Antilles.
			
			
			
			
			
				Length at first maturity / Μέγεθος / Weight / Age
			
			
				Γεννητική Ωρίμανση: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 53.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Αναφ. 8812); μεγ. δημοσιευμένο βάρος: 471.00 g (Αναφ. 356)			
			
			
							
				
				
					
						Culmen: 4.24 cm; tarsus: 5.08 cm; wing: 37.7 cm.					
				
				
						
			
			
			
			
				
					Total Length:  45 to 53 cm; Wingspan:  121 to 127 cm (Ref. 8812). Coastal; <31 km (Ref. 356). One of the few species that nest and forage in inland habitats, and move to the coast during non-breeding season.  Nest of simple construction.  Embryos are exceptionally known to elicit parental incubation behavior by vocalizing.  Regurgitated pellets cast by adults to feed its cheeks during the nestling period contain mostly earthworms or fish (Ref. 87784).  Display dipping and surface plunging (Ref. 356).				
			
			
			
			
			
				Life cycle and mating behavior				
					Γεννητική Ωρίμανση | Αναπαραγωγή | Γεννοβολία | Eggs | Γονιμότητα | Larvae				
			
			
				
									
			
			
			
			
			
				Lepage, D. 2007 Avibase -the World Bird Database. http://www.bsc-eoc.org/avibase/avibase.jsp [accessed 09/07/2007]. (Αναφ. 7816)
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
					
						IUCN Red List Status    
						 (Αναφ. 130435: Version 2025-1)
					
					
					
				
			
			
			
			
				CITES status   (Αναφ. 108899)
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
				Threat to humans  
			
			
				
									
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
				Human uses  
			
			
							
			
			
				 | FishSource | 			
			
			
			
			
			
Εργαλεία
			
			
			
			
				
					Περισσότερες πληροφορίες				
				
					 Population dynamicsΑύξησηMax. ages / sizesLength-weight rel.Length-length rel.Length-frequenciesMass conversionΑφθονία   Life cycleΑναπαραγωγή
Γεννητική Ωρίμανση
Γονιμότητα
Γεννοβολία
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
  PhysiologyΚατανάλωση οξυγόνου
  Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
  
			 
			
			
			
				Διαδικτυακές πηγές
			
			
			
			
			
				Estimates based on models
			
			
			
									
						Preferred temperature  					
				 (Ref. 
115969): 6.3 - 27.9, mean 12 (based on 2049 cells).			
 
			
			
			
			
			
						
							
				
					
						Fishing Vulnerability  					
					
					
						Moderate vulnerability (41 of 100).					
				
						
						
			
									
						Price category  					
					
					Unknown.