Cephalopoda |
Myopsida |
Loliginidae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / تغييرات عمق / distribution range
بوم شناسي
سطح زی; تغييرات عمق 20 - 180 m (مرجع 275). Tropical, preferred 13°C (مرجع 107945); 62°N - 26°N, 172°W - 112°W (مرجع 112699)
Eastern Pacific. Tropical to boreal.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / سن
بلوغ: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 19.2 cm ML جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (مرجع 94063); 17.9 cm ML (female); بيشينه وزن گزارش شده: 148.00 g (مرجع 94063); بيشينه وزن گزارش شده: 148.00 g
Caught by brails and night lights and pumps and night lights. Individual behavior: pale coloration indicates relaxation while dark, high contrast chromatic elements indicate alertness; protracted inking occurs after an abrupt stop from a backward jetting squid; in swimming, drag is reduced from the tightening of fin curvature which reduces the fin span relative to the average fin chord; fins and arms were used to maneuver. Schooling and shoaling: schools at night were tighter than during the day (Ref. 94861).
Life cycle and mating behavior
بلوغ | تولید مثل | تخم ریزی | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Mating and egg-laying occur at daylight (Refs. 94843, 94849), egg beds found at depths of 20-60 m (Ref. 94843).
مآخذ اصلی
مراجع | هماهنگ كننده | همكاران
Roper, C.F.E., M.J. Sweeney and C.E. Nauen 1984 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 3. Cephalopods of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of species of interest to fisheries. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(3):277p. Rome: FAO. (مرجع 275)
وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN
(مرجع 130435: Version 2025-1)
وضعيت از نظر سايتس (مرجع 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
خطر برای انسان ها
استفاده انسانی
ماهي گيري – شيلات: تجاري
FAO - ماهي گيري – شيلات: landings | FishSource | Sea Around Us
ابزارها
اطلاعات بيشتر
PhysiologyOxygen consumption
Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
منابع اينترنتي
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 8.2 - 11.9, mean 9.2 (based on 23 cells).
جهندگی
زياد, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت ، كمتر از 15 ماه (K=1).
Prior r = 0.93, 95% CL = 0.61 - 1.39, Based on 2 data-limited stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability
Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability
Low to moderate vulnerability (35 of 100).
Nutrients : Calcium = 126 [75, 177] mg/100g; Iron = 4.79 [1.67, 7.92] mg/100g; Protein = 15.5 [13.7, 17.4] %; Omega3 = 0.414 [0.262, 0.566] g/100g; Selenium = 57.8 [48.5, 67.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 0 μg/100g; Zinc = 1.97 [0.92, 3.02] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.