Gastropoda |
Trochida |
Turbinidae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / تغييرات عمق / distribution range
بوم شناسي
; تغييرات عمق 1 - 30 m (مرجع 349). Tropical; 31°N - 29°S, 79°E - 180°E
Indo-Pacific: from East Africa, to eastern Melanesia; north to southern Japan and south to northern Queensland and Fiji Islands. Successfully introduced in French Polynesia in the 1960s.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / سن
بلوغ: Lm ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 22.0 cm SHL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (مرجع 349); common length : 18.0 cm SHL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (مرجع 349)
Extensively used for food, shell jewelry, inlay, and button making. It is the most important commercial species of Turbinidae in the tropical Indo-West Pacific. Intensive fishing for the mother-of-pearl trade has drastically reduced many turban populations in recent years. In order to protect existing resources and to increase the possibilities of long-term exploitations, attempts of juvenile production, reintroduction, translocation, and commercial legislation are under way in the area (Ref. 349). Maximum depth from Ref. 75835. In subtidal, coral reef areas open to a constant flow of clean oceanic water. Juveniles mainly living on reef crests; adults also occurring deeper on slopes to about 20 m or more (Ref. 349). Found at depths of 10 to 30 m, on rocks (Ref. 75835). Primarily herbivorous, with few small animals eaten that are associated with the assemblage of algae (Ref. 105749).
Life cycle and mating behavior
بلوغ | تولید مثل | تخم ریزی | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Members of the order Patellogastropoda are mostly gonochoric and broadcast spawners. Life cycle: Embryos develop into planktonic trocophore larvae and later into juvenile veligers before becoming fully grown adults.
مآخذ اصلی
مراجع | هماهنگ كننده | همكاران
Poutiers, J.M. 1998 Gastropods. p. 363-648. In Carpenter, K. E. and V. H. Niem. 1998. FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 1. Seaweeds, corals, bivalves, and gastropods. Rome, FAO. (مرجع 349)
وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN
(مرجع 130435: Version 2025-1)
وضعيت از نظر سايتس (مرجع 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
خطر برای انسان ها
Harmless
استفاده انسانی
ماهي گيري – شيلات: تجاري
| FishSource |
ابزارها
اطلاعات بيشتر
Population dynamicsرشدMax. ages / sizesLength-weight rel.Length-length rel.نوسانات طولیMass conversionفراواني Life cycleتولید مثلبلوغFecundityتخم ریزیEggsنمو تخمLarvae PhysiologyOxygen consumption
Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
منابع اينترنتي
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 25.7 - 29.3, mean 28.7 (based on 2558 cells).
Fishing Vulnerability
Low vulnerability (12 of 100).
