Aves | 
Charadriiformes | 
Alcidae
			
			
			
				Environment: milieu / climate zone / गहराई सीमा / distribution range				
				
					पारिस्थितिकी				
				
			
			
				;  गहराई सीमा 0 - 24 m (संदर्भ 126487).  Subtropical; 63°N -   25°N, 117°E -   119°W (संदर्भ 125423)			
			
			
				
			
			
			
				Pacific Ocean and the Arctic.  Subtropical to temperate.
			
			
			
			
			
				Length at first maturity / आकार / Weight / Age
			
			
				परिपक्व अवधि: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 27.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (संदर्भ 8812); अधिकतम प्रकाशित वज़न: 206.00 g (संदर्भ 356)			
			
			
							
				
				
					
						Culmen: 2.963 cm; tarsus: 3.175 cm; wing: 14.605 cm.					
				
				
						
			
			
			
			
				
					Total Length:  24 to 27 cm (Ref. 8812). Found along continental shelf and coastal waters. Exhibits plunge diving behavior (Ref. 356).   Ritualized displays and vocalizations in the colony during breeding season include duetting bouts which may last  for up to 30 minutes. In the Bering Sea and Alaska, the 1997-1998 ENSO event caused half the breeding population to desert their eggs and breeding success of those that bred reduced to 57% (Ref. 87784).				
			
			
			
			
			
				Life cycle and mating behavior				
					परिपक्व अवधि | पुनरुत्पत्ति | मछलीऔ का अंडे देना | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae				
			
			
				
									
			
			
			
			
			
				SAUP Database 2006 SAUP Database. www.seaaroundus.org. (संदर्भ 356)
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
					
						IUCN Red List Status    
						 (संदर्भ 130435: Version 2025-1)
					
					
					
				
			
			
			
			
				CITES status   (संदर्भ 108899)
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
				CMS (संदर्भ 116361)
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
				Threat to humans  
			
			
				
									
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
				Human uses  
			
			
							
			
			
				 | FishSource | 			
			
			
			
			
			
साधन
			
			
			
			
				
					अधिक जानकारी				
				
					 Population dynamicsबाढ़
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
बहुतायत
  Life cycleपुनरुत्पत्ति
परिपक्व अवधि
Fecundity
मछलीऔ का अंडे देना
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
  PhysiologyOxygen consumption
  Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
  
			 
			
			
			
				इंटरनेट स्रोत
			
			
			
			
			
				Estimates based on models
			
			
			
									
						Preferred temperature  					
				 (Ref. 
115969): 1.4 - 11.6, mean 6.3 (based on 402 cells).			
 
			
			
			
			
			
						
							
				
					
						Fishing Vulnerability  					
					
					
						Low vulnerability (17 of 100).					
				
						
						
			
									
						Price category  					
					
					Unknown.