Aves |
Sphenisciformes |
Spheniscidae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Others. Subtropical
Indo-West Pacific: Australia and New Zealand. Subtropical to temperate.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 40.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 91362); max. published weight: 2.1 kg (Ref. 356)
This is a gregarious species that nests in burrows, hollows under bushes or rocks, and is observed to return to land during dusk (Ref. 91362). It is observed to be nocturnal on land (Ref. 84934). Pursuit diving (Ref. 91362).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Life cycle: Eggs are incubated for 5 to 6 weeks and develop into fledgelings at 8 weeks of age. Clutches are laid twice a year.
Harrison, P. 1987 Seabirds of the world: a photographic guide. Christopher Helm, Hong Kong, 317p. (Ref. 91362)
IUCN Red List Status
(Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
CITES status (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Human uses
| FishSource |
Tools
More information
Population dynamicsGrowthMax. ages / sizesLength-weight rel.Length-length rel.Length-frequenciesMass conversionAbundance Life cycleReproductionMaturityFecunditySpawningEggsEgg developmentLarvae PhysiologyOxygen consumption
Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Resilience
High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (K=8.21-31.58).
Fishing Vulnerability
Low to moderate vulnerability (30 of 100).
Price category
Unknown.