Cephalopoda |
Octopoda |
Eledonidae | Eledoninae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / गहराई सीमा / distribution range
पारिस्थितिकी
; गहराई सीमा 5 - 500 m (संदर्भ 96968), usually 60 - 120 m (संदर्भ 96968). Subtropical, preferred 18°C (संदर्भ 107945); 70°N - 30°N, 26°W - 22°E (संदर्भ 275)
Northeast Atlantic and the Mediterranean.
Length at first maturity / आकार / Weight / Age
परिपक्व अवधि: Lm 11.1, range 7 - 16.5 cm Max length : 55.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (संदर्भ 96968); अधिकतम प्रकाशित वज़न: 1.2 kg (संदर्भ 275)
Occurs from sand and mud, to broken rock and rocky reefs (Ref. 96968). Females predominate at depths of 30 to 80 m, males at depths below 100 m (Ref. 275).
Male spermatangia reach ovary before the release of sperms (Ref. 2569). Also Ref. 80232.
Roper, C.F.E., M.J. Sweeney and C.E. Nauen 1984 FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 3. Cephalopods of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of species of interest to fisheries. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(3):277p. Rome: FAO. (संदर्भ 275)
IUCN Red List Status
(संदर्भ 130435: Version 2025-1)
CITES status (संदर्भ 108899)
Not Evaluated
CMS (संदर्भ 116361)
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Human uses
मात्स्यिकी: उच्च वाणिज्य
FAO - मात्स्यिकी: landings | FishSource | Sea Around Us
साधन
अधिक जानकारी
PhysiologyOxygen consumption
Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
इंटरनेट स्रोत
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 6.8 - 14.3, mean 9.7 (based on 658 cells).
Prior r = 0.88, 95% CL = 0.58 - 1.33, Based on 1 full stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability
Low to moderate vulnerability (28 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability
Low vulnerability (22 of 100).
Nutrients : Calcium = 126 [75, 177] mg/100g; Iron = 4.79 [1.67, 7.92] mg/100g; Protein = 15.5 [13.7, 17.4] %; Omega3 = 0.414 [0.262, 0.566] g/100g; Selenium = 57.8 [48.5, 67.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 0 μg/100g; Zinc = 1.97 [0.92, 3.02] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
