Cephalopoda |
Sepiida |
Sepiidae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / Mức độ sâu / distribution range
Sinh thái học
gần đáy; Thuộc về nước lợ; Mức độ sâu 15 - 570 m (Tài liệu tham khảo 1695), usually 50 - 250 m (Tài liệu tham khảo 1695). Subtropical; 55°N - 17°S, 22°W - 36°E (Tài liệu tham khảo 107081)
Eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean: from Irish Sea to southern Angola.
Length at first maturity / Bộ gần gũi / Weight / Age
Chín muồi sinh dục: Lm 7.0, range 4 - ? cm Max length : 9.6 cm ML con đực/không giới tính; (Tài liệu tham khảo 1695); 12 cm ML (female)
Mantle length at first sexual maturity in West Africa: 4.0-5.0 cm (male); 7.0 cm. Mantle length at first sexual maturity in western Mediterranean: 5.0 cm (males); 7.8 cm (females; Ref. 275).
Inshore (Ref. 122891). A demersal (Ref. 1695), nektonic (Ref. 417), nektobenthic (Ref. 122890) species. Found over sandy and sandy-muddy bottoms (Ref. 1695) and detritus-rich continental shelf and slope (Ref. 417). In the Sea of Marmara, the species can occur in brackish waters. In Mediterranean waters, spawning period is likely continuous as males and females are usually found together throughout the year, with peaks in activity in spring and autumn. In Portuguese waters, predominance of mature individuals in spring is also reported. No record of onshore spawning migration. With the extended reproductive period, recruitment is also continuous but variable, with seasonal density peaks. Males mature at 6 or 7 months and females at 9 or 10 months. Eggs (7 to 8.5 mm maximum diameter and proportional to female size) are laid in clusters of 30 to 40 and are attached to sponges on muddy bottoms. Diet may consist of fish and cephalopods but mainly of crustaceans. One of the most abundant cephalopod species in some areas of the Mediterranean. Taken mainly as bycatch in trawl fisheries; marketed fresh and frozen along with S. elegans and small S. officinalis and constitutes a valuable resource locally. Intense fishing pressure on this resource is reported in the Sicilian Channel. Sympatric (and confused) with S. elegans Blainville, 1827 (Ref. 1695).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Chín muồi sinh dục | Sự tái sinh sản | Đẻ trứng | Eggs | Sự sinh sản | Larvae
Members of the class Cephalopoda are gonochoric. Male and female adults usually die shortly after spawning and brooding, respectively. Mating behavior: Males perform various displays to attract potential females for copulation. During copulation, male grasp the female and inserts the hectocotylus into the female's mantle cavity where fertilization usually occurs. Life cycle: Embryos hatch into planktonic stage and live for some time before they grow larger and take up a benthic existence as adults.
Jereb, P. and C.F.E. Roper (eds.) 2005 Cephalopods of the world. An Annotated and Illustrated catalogue of Cephalopod species known to date. Vol. 1. Chambered nautiluses and sepioids (Nautilidae, Sepiidae, Sepiolidae, Sepiadariidae, Idiosepiidae and Spirulidae). FAO Spec. Cat. Fish. Purp. 4(1):262p. Rome: FAO. (Tài liệu tham khảo 1695)
IUCN Red List Status
(Tài liệu tham khảo 130435: Version 2025-1)
CITES status (Tài liệu tham khảo 108899)
Not Evaluated
CMS (Tài liệu tham khảo 116361)
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Human uses
Các nghề cá: Tính thương mại
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Các nguồn internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 11.2 - 18.2, mean 14.4 (based on 347 cells).
Fishing Vulnerability
Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
