Holothuroidea |
Holothuriida |
Holothuriidae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / Mức độ sâu / distribution range
Sinh thái học
Cùng sống ở rạn san hô; Mức độ sâu 0 - 12 m (Tài liệu tham khảo 122). Tropical
Indo-Pacific.
Length at first maturity / Bộ gần gũi / Weight / Age
Chín muồi sinh dục: Lm ?, range 12 - ? cm Max length : 36.0 cm TL con đực/không giới tính; (Tài liệu tham khảo 101468); common length : 20.0 cm TL con đực/không giới tính; (Tài liệu tham khảo 122); Khối lượng cực đại được công bố: 1.0 kg (Tài liệu tham khảo 418)
Body width: 10 cm. Maximum weight: 1000 g (Ref. 418); 300 g. Body thickness: 0.7 cm. Elongate, arched dorsally (bivium) and flattened ventrally (trivium). Bivium sometimes wrinkled and covered by sediment; wider in the middle; tapering towards both ends. Papillae on bivium long and slender; podia on trivium arranged more or less regularly in 3 rows calcareous disc surrounded by 5 anal teeth. Calcareous ring with large radial pieces and narrow interradial. Cuvierian tubules few (10); short, pink, and never expelled. Bivium is brown, varying from light to dark among specimens; trivium lighter, sometime orange, with yellow podia. Ventral tegument with a variety of small rosettes and rods, occasionally perforated; dorsal tegument with larger rosettes and branched plates; ventral podia with some straight, spinous rods; tentacles with rods large, straight , or curved, and very spiny at their extremities (Ref. 122).
Harvested in artisanal fisheries throughout the Western Central Pacific. Processed product is not distinguished from those of other Actinopyga species and has a moderate commercial value. Collected by hand while wading on the reefs at low tide (Ref. 122). Dwells in moderately shallow waters (despite its English common name), in sandy areas with large amounts of coral rubble; mostly on reef flats of fringing and lagoon-islet reefs; abundant in seagrass beds, on rubble flats, and compact flats where populations can reach high densities (up to 1/m) (Ref. 122); it attaches to rocks with its tube feet (Ref. 118).
Sexual reproduction takes place during warm season. A species with a high potential fecundity and early sexual maturity (Ref. 122).
Conand, C. 1998 Holothurians (sea cucumbers, Class Holothuroidea). p. 1157-1190. In Carpenter, K.E. and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol. 2. Cephalopods, crustaceans, holothurians and sharks. FAO Rome. (Tài liệu tham khảo 122)
IUCN Red List Status
(Tài liệu tham khảo 130435: Version 2025-1)
CITES status (Tài liệu tham khảo 108899)
Not Evaluated
CMS (Tài liệu tham khảo 116361)
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Human uses
Các nghề cá: Tính thương mại
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Thêm thông tin
Sinh thái dinh dưỡngFood items (preys)
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PhysiologyThành phần ô-xy
Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
Các nguồn internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 25 - 29.3, mean 28.4 (based on 3693 cells).
Thích nghi nhanh
thấp, thời gian nhân đôi của chủng quần tối thiểu là 4.5 - 14 năm (K=0.09).
Fishing Vulnerability
Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100).
Price category
Unknown.
