Bivalvia |
Venerida |
Veneridae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / εύρος βάθους / distribution range
Οικολογία
; εύρος βάθους 0 - 46 m (Αναφ. 95344). Boreal, preferred 8°C (Αναφ. 107945); 60°N - 22°N, 166°E - 109°W
Pacific Ocean: West to east Bering Sea, Aleutian to Baja California.
Length at first maturity / Μέγεθος / Weight / Age
Γεννητική Ωρίμανση: Lm ?, range 2 - 3.5 cm Max length : 7.5 cm SHL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Αναφ. 95344); common length : 6.4 cm SHL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Αναφ. 78182); μεγ. αναφερόμενη ηλικία: 16 έτη (Αναφ. 104675)
Maximum depth from Ref. 104447. Buries in gravel, sand and mud to more than 10 cm deep along the mid-intertidal zone (Ref. 95344). Preyed upon by naticid gastropods (Ref. 100855). Suspension-feeder (Ref. 78182). In general, suspension feeding bivalves mainly depend on phytoplankton and detritus material for nutrition (Ref. 107088).
Members of the class Bivalvia are mostly gonochoric, some are protandric hermaphrodites. Life cycle: Embryos develop into free-swimming trocophore larvae, succeeded by the bivalve veliger, resembling a miniature clam (Ref. 833). Eggs are discharged through the siphon (Ref. 104667). Spawning: Two periods of high temperature and two spawning peaks may occur in summer due to strong water temperature fluctuations while only one temperature and spawning peak may be expected in a warmer than normal year (Ref. 78182).
Shaw, W.N. 1986 Species Profiles: Life Histories and Environmental Requirments of Coastal Fishes and Invertebrates (Pacific Southwest). Biological Report 82 (11.46) TR EL-82-4. (Αναφ. 78182)
IUCN Red List Status
(Αναφ. 130435: Version 2025-1)
CITES status (Αναφ. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Human uses
αλιεία: Εμπορικό(ά)
FAO - Υδατοκαλλιέργειες: production; αλιεία: landings | FishSource | Η θάλασσα γύρω μας
Εργαλεία
Περισσότερες πληροφορίες
PhysiologyΚατανάλωση οξυγόνου
Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
Διαδικτυακές πηγές
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 7.3 - 15.7, mean 9.8 (based on 90 cells).
Ελαστικότητα
Μεσαίο(α), ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού 1,4 - 4,4 έτη (K=0.19; tm=2.5; tmax=16).
Fishing Vulnerability
Moderate vulnerability (42 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability
High vulnerability (56 of 100).
Nutrients : Calcium = 149 [71, 228] mg/100g; Iron = 8.53 [1.95, 15.11] mg/100g; Protein = 9.88 [8.64, 11.12] %; Omega3 = 0.313 [0.202, 0.423] g/100g; Selenium = 61 [50, 72] μg/100g; VitaminA = 0 μg/100g; Zinc = 2.04 [0.56, 3.51] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.