Thecostraca |
Sessilia |
Verrucidae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Sessile; depth range 0 - 548 m (Ref. 73415), usually 20 - 300 m (Ref. 73415). Temperate; 82°N - 36°N, 26°W - 48°E
Northeast Atlantic: British Isles. Temperate to polar. Presence in the Mediterranean is probably V. spengleri.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
This is an attached species (Ref. 3123). Also found on fine and medium grain sized sand mixed with gravel and shell debris (Ref. 118257). Suspension feeder (Ref. 118257).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Members of the superorder Thoracica are mostly hermaphroditic. Broadcast spawners, fertilization occurs in the mantle cavity. Life cycle: Eggs hatch into planktonic nauplii and leave the mantle cavity. Afterwards, they undergo six naupliar instars succeded by nonfeeding cypris larva (settling stage) which later metamorphose into adults.
Harms, J. 1993 Check list of species (algae, invertebrates and vertebrates) found in the vicinity of the island of Helgoland (North Sea, German Bight) - a review of recent records. Helgoländer Meeresunters 47:1-34. (Ref. 2711)
IUCN Red List Status
(Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
CITES status (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Human uses
| FishSource |
Tools
More information
Trophic EcologyFood items (preys)
Diet composition
Food consumption
Predators
Population dynamicsGrowth
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Abundance
Life cycleReproductionMaturityFecunditySpawningEggsEgg developmentLarvae PhysiologyOxygen consumption
Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 8.2 - 13.2, mean 10.5 (based on 403 cells).
Price category
Unknown.
