Gastropoda | 
Lepetellida | 
Haliotidae
			
			
			
				Environment: milieu / climate zone / गहराई सीमा / distribution range				
				
					पारिस्थितिकी				
				
			
			
				;  गहराई सीमा 0 - 200 m (संदर्भ 2754).  Subtropical, preferred 19°C (संदर्भ 107945); 50°N -   9°N, 32°W -   36°E (संदर्भ 99669)			
			
			
				
			
			
			
				Eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean:  North to the Channel Islands, south to Guinea, including Azores, Canary and Cape Verde Islands, and east to the Mediterranean. Introduced in Ireland and Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea in Israel.
			
			
			
			
			
				Length at first maturity / आकार / Weight / Age
			
			
				परिपक्व अवधि: Lm 4.9, range 4 -  5.4 cm Max length : 12.3 cm SHL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (संदर्भ 99669); common length : 8.0 cm SHL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (संदर्भ 438); अधिकतम सूचित उम्र: 15 वर्षो (संदर्भ 99669)			
			
			
						
			
			
			
			
				
					Collected from the sublittoral zone, from low tide up to a depth of 200 m (Ref. 2754). Offshore (Ref. 438).  Collected from the supralittoral and mediolittoral or intertidal zones (Ref. 2754).				
			
			
			
			
			
			
				
					Gonochoric; broadcast spawners (males release first before the females).  Spawning occurs from spring to late autumn.				
			
			
			
			
			
				Demir, M. 2003 Shells of mollusca collected from the seas of Turkey. Turkey Journal of Zoology 27:101-140. (संदर्भ 2754)
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
					
						IUCN Red List Status    
						 (संदर्भ 130435: Version 2025-1)
					
					
					
				
			
			
			
			
				CITES status   (संदर्भ 108899)
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
				CMS (संदर्भ 116361)
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
				Threat to humans  
			
			
				
									
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
				Human uses  
			
			
				मात्स्यिकी: व्यापारिक			
			
			
				FAO - जलीयकृषि: production; मात्स्यिकी: landings | FishSource | Sea Around Us			
			
			
			
			
			
साधन
			
			
			
			
				
					अधिक जानकारी				
				
					 PhysiologyOxygen consumption
  
			 
			
			
			
				इंटरनेट स्रोत
			
			
			
			
			
				Estimates based on models
			
			
			
									
						Preferred temperature  					
				 (Ref. 
115969): 7 - 18.6, mean 10.5 (based on 572 cells).			
 
			
			
			
							
					लौटाव  				
				
				
					ऊंचा, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी समय अवलागत 15 महीने। (K=0.27-0.4; tm=3; tmax=15).				
			
			
						
							
				
					
						Fishing Vulnerability  					
					
					
						Moderate vulnerability (39 of 100).					
				
						
							
					
						Climate Vulnerability  					
					
					Moderate to high vulnerability (50 of 100).				
						
			
			
			
				Nutrients  :  Calcium = 126 [75, 177]  mg/100g; Iron = 4.79 [1.67, 7.92]  mg/100g; Protein = 15.9 [14.8, 16.9] %; Omega3 = 0.331 [0.263, 0.400]  g/100g; Selenium = 57.8 [48.5, 67.2]  μg/100g; VitaminA = 0 μg/100g; Zinc = 1.97 [0.92, 3.02]  mg/100g (wet weight); based on 
nutrient studies.