Ascidiacea |
Phlebobranchia |
Cionidae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Sessile; depth range 0 - 1000 m (Ref. 1603). Temperate; 81°N - 25°N, 45°W - 42°E
Northeast Atlantic, Arctic and Mediterranean. Introduced in the Indo-Pacific, South Atlantic, and Sub Antarctic Region. Tropical to polar.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 15.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 1603)
Assumed maximum total length from Refs. 1603, 2268. Known from subtidal to moderate depths (Ref. 7726). Attached to hard substrates (Refs. 1369, 7726). Benthic, marine; on ships' hulls, and harbour installations (Ref. 1134). Favours shaded locations such as covered floats (Ref. 1749). Solitary (Refs. 2268, 7726). Suspension-feeding (Ref. 3270).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Members of the class Ascidiacea are hermaphroditic; both cross- and self-fertilization is typical. Life cycle: Eggs develop into lecithotrophic larva before metamorphosing into benthic adults.
Jagerskiold, L.A. 1971 A Survey of the Marine Benthoic Macrofauna along the Swedish West Coast 1921-1938. Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum et Litterarum Gothoburgensis. Zoologica 6:1-146. (Ref. 1369)
IUCN Red List Status
(Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
CITES status (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Human uses
| FishSource |
Tools
More information
Trophic EcologyFood items (preys)
Diet composition
Food consumption
Predators
Life cycleReproductionMaturityFecunditySpawningEggsEgg developmentLarvae PhysiologyOxygen consumption
Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 1.9 - 14.4, mean 7.1 (based on 1476 cells).
Fishing Vulnerability
Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
Price category
Unknown.
