Melanitta fusca, Velvet scoter
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Melanitta fusca   (Linnaeus, 1758)

Velvet scoter
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Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | CoL | ITIS | WoRMS

Aves | Anseriformes | Anatidae

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Others; freshwater; brackish; depth range 0 - 60 m (Ref. 124889).  Boreal; 71°N - 36°N, 10°W - 84°E (Ref. 124582)

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Inland Asia, the Mediterranean, Pacific and Atlantic Ocean and Arctic. Subtropical to boreal.

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 59.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 94965); max. published weight: 1.8 kg (Ref. 356)

Short description Morphology

Culmen: 4.285 cm; tarsus: 4.73 cm; wing: 27.15 cm.

Biology     Glossary (e.g. epibenthic)

Surface diving; dabbling; coastal. Winters: Norway to Spain, Black, Caspian and Mediterranean Seas; coastal East Asia, south to Japan and China; Atlantic and Pacific coastlines to Baja California, south Carolina, Florida, and Gulf coast (Ref. 356). They breed on wooded coastlines, small freshwater lakes, pools and rivers. They inhabit areas with boulder-covered or small rocky islands available for nesting with extensive herbaceous vegetation, shrubs and low trees. For the non-breeding population, winters are in shallow areas of inshore coastal waters; especially in water inlets where there are large mussel-beds but they also occur in freshwater habitats such as lakes and estuaries during migration (Ref. 83520). Feeds on clams, snails, barnacles, mussels and crabs found along the coast (Ref. 94965).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Main reference References | Coordinator | Collaborators

BirdLife International 2010 White-winged Scoter Melanitta fusca. BirdLife International: Working together for birds and people. http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index.html?action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=493. [Accessed 08/02/2010]. (Ref. 83520)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)

  Vulnerable (VU) (A2abcde); Date assessed: 01 September 2020

CITES status (Ref. 108899)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Appendix II: Migratory species conserved through agreements

Threat to humans

Human uses


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Ecology
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Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
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References

Internet sources

BHL | BOLD Systems | CISTI | DiscoverLife | FAO(Publication : search) | Fishipedia | GenBank (genome, nucleotide) | GloBI | Gomexsi | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | PubMed | Tree of Life | Wikipedia (Go, Search) | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 4.2 - 17.2, mean 9.2 (based on 2299 cells).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 71543): Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100).
Price category (Ref. 80766): Unknown.

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