Aves | 
Charadriiformes | 
Laridae
			
			
			
				Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range				
				
					Ecology				
				
			
			
				Others; depth range 0 - 1 m (Ref. 93225).  Subtropical; 11°N -   42°S, 98°W -   70°W			
			
			
				
			
			
			
				Southeast Pacific. From Costa Rica to Chile. Tropical to subtropical.
			
			
			
			
			
				Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
			
			
				Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 57.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 84934); max. published weight: 740.00 g (Ref. 356)			
			
			
						
			
			
			
			
				
					The world's only night-feeding gull; It pursuits squid and nocturnal fish at open sea (Ref. 356).  Breeding attempts occur between migration events (Ref. 93225). It feeds by surface plunging, having access to only 1 meter of the water column (Ref. 93225), and feeds between 16-32 km from coastline (Ref. 356).  Foraging activity increases following the DVM cycle, during new moon periods (Ref. 93225).				
			
			
			
			
			
				Life cycle and mating behavior				
					Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae				
			
			
				
					Breeding is asynchronous, with breeding periods of different birds overlap to varying degrees.				
			
			
			
			
			
				Enticott, J. and D. Tipling 1997 Seabirds of the World: the complete reference. Singapore: New Holland (Publishers) Ltd. 234 p. (Ref. 84934)
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
					
						IUCN Red List Status    
						 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
					
					
					
				
			
			
			
			
				CITES status   (Ref. 108899)
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
				Threat to humans  
			
			
				
									
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
				Human uses  
			
			
							
			
			
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					More information				
				
					 Population dynamicsGrowthMax. ages / sizesLength-weight rel.Length-length rel.Length-frequenciesMass conversionAbundance   Life cycleReproductionMaturityFecunditySpawningEggsEgg developmentLarvae   PhysiologyOxygen consumption
  Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
  
			 
			
			
			
				Internet sources
			
			
			
			
			
				Estimates based on models
			
			
			
							
			
			
			
			
			
						
							
				
					
						Fishing Vulnerability  					
					
					
						Moderate vulnerability (43 of 100).					
				
						
						
			
									
						Price category  					
					
					Unknown.