Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | CoL | ITIS | WoRMS

Cephalopoda | Oegopsida | Thysanoteuthidae

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Pelagic; depth range 0 - 2604 m (Ref. 83938). Tropical; 20°C - 26°C (Ref. 95878); 51°N - 42°S, 180°W - 180°E (Ref. 107076)

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Circumglobal in tropical and subtropical waters.

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m 60.0, range 55 - 65 cm Max length : 130 cm ML male/unsexed; (Ref. 104052); common length : 60.0 cm ML male/unsexed; (Ref. 417); max. published weight: 30.0 kg (Ref. 97142)

Caught with set nets and drifting jigs (Ref. 417). Maximum mantle length of both sexes is the same, 100 cm, possibly to 130 cm (Ref. 97142). Maximum depth from Ref. 104455.

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

During copulation, female and male mate in a head-to-head position. The male transfers its spermatophores to the female via the hectocotylus, which attaches to the surface of the female's buccal membrane. Spawning occurs throughout the year, in tropical waters during summer and early autumn, and lasts for 2-3 months. During spawning, females first produce a secretion of the nidamental glands like that of the ommastrephid Todarodespacificus. The secretion enters the water, and swells, and the female molds it into a cylinder. After that, the oviductal glands start to work, forming 2 mucous threads, each with 1 row of eggs. In the mantle cavity both threads fuse and develop into a single cord containing a double row of eggs. This cord exits into the water through the funnel, and the eggs are fertilized with spermatozoa from seminal receptacles located in the female's buccal membrane. The female then winds the cord of eggs onto the cylinder. As a result, the structure of the egg mass is uniform, as observed in natural egg masses of T. rhombus (Ref. 95878).

Main reference References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Schneider, W. 1990. (Ref. 417)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 11 May 2010

CITES status (Ref. 108899)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Human uses

Fisheries: commercial
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Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): 4.2 - 13.8, mean 7.5 (based on 2196 cells).

Resilience (Ref. 69278): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (K=0.84; tm=0.68).

Vulnerability (Ref. 71543): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Medium.

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