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Charadriiformes |
Alcidae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Sinh thái học
; Mức độ sâu 0 - 45 m (Ref. 60377), usually 15 - 20 m (Ref. 60377). Temperate; 71°N - 32°N, 145°E - 116°W
Eastern Pacific and the Arctic: Alaska to California. Temperate to subtropical.
Length at first maturity / Bộ gần gũi / Khối lượng (Trọng lượng) / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 35.0 cm TL con đực/không giới tính; (Ref. 8812); Khối lượng cực đại được công bố: 487.00 g (Ref. 356)
Culmen: 4.39 cm; wing: 1.88 cm.
Total Length: 30 to 35 cm (Ref. 8812). A large species (Ref. 87784). Common depth of 15 to 20 m is foraging depth most preferred by species (Ref. 60377). Nearshore feeder (Ref. 87784). Pursuit diver; coastal; <15 km; water <20m deep (Ref. 356). Based on stable isotope analysis (SIA) diet study of egg albumin, belongs to higher N signature group (based on ratios of stable isotopes of nitrogen and carbon): piscivorous with pelagic foraging range. Aquatic courtship display such as calling and wing-raising, head dipping below the sea surface, and flipping below the sea surface or skittering. Typically nests in crevices. On the Farallon Islands, this species usurps nests of smaller Cassin's Auklet by destroying eggs or chicks thereby effectively lowering its habitat competitor's reproductive success. Severely affected by El Niño events by abandoning nesting attempts in the Farallon Islands in central California. Vulnerable to oil spill as a diving species; population still depressed, with over 50% decline, 9 years after the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill in Prince William Sound as an effect of persistent trace oil in the water that caused a decline in forage fish abundance (Ref. 87784).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Chín muồi sinh dục | Sự tái sinh sản | Đẻ trứng | Các trứng | Sự sinh sản | Ấu trùng
SAUP Database. 2006. (Ref. 356)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
CITES status (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Human uses
| FishSource |
Các công cụ
Các nguồn internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 4.9 - 11.2, mean 8.5 (based on 412 cells).
Vulnerability
Low vulnerability (25 of 100).
Price category
Unknown.
