Common names from other countries
Classification / Names / Names
Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Benthic; depth range 3 - 11 m (Ref. 76). Tropical, preferred 24°C (Ref. 107945)
Western Atlantic: from Maine, USA to Mexico.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 60.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 82); max. published weight: 1.8 kg (Ref. 82); max. reported age: 20 years (Ref. 99652)
The males are approximately 1/3 the size of the females (sexual dimorphism) (Ref. 83).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
They reproduce with the use of the first pair of the six, flap-like appendages on the underside of the abdomen acts as a cover for the genital pore. The egg or sperm are released through this pore during spawning (Ref. 75). These eggs are fertilized by sperm released by an attached male and by one or more satellite males that typically congregate around the nesting pair (Ref. 81). While nesting, females bury themselves in the sediment near the water's edge and lay a series of discrete egg clusters, each containing 2,000-20,000 eggs (Ref. 80).
Lee, C.N. and B. Morton. 2005. (Ref. 1131)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
CITES status (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: commercial
FAO - Fisheries: landings | FIRMS (Stock assessments) | FishSource | Sea Around Us
Tools
Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 12.5 - 28, mean 26.7 (based on 417 cells).
Vulnerability
High to very high vulnerability (66 of 100).
