Common names from other countries  
				
							
			
		
		
			
			Mammalia | 
Cetartiodactyla | 
Iniidae
			
			
			
				Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range				
				
					Ecology				
				
			
			
				Pelagic; brackish.  Temperate; 0°N -   90°S, 180°W -   180°E			
			
			
				
			
			
			
				Southwest Atlantic:  Argentina and Brazil.  [Rio Grande do Sul/Uruguay population: IUCN 2010 (Ref. 84930): VU, A2d.]
			
			
			
			
			
				Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
			
			
				Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm Max length : 163 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 1394); 177 cm TL (female); max. published weight: 34.0 kg (Ref. 1394)			
			
			
						
			
			
			
			
				
					Found in coastal areas, but may be found in some estuaries and sporadically enter the la Plata river.  Feeds mostly near the bottom on several species of fish, cephalopods, and crustaceans (Ref. 1394). Found in coastal areas, but may be found in some estuaries and sporadically enter the la Plata river.  Feeds mostly near the bottom on several species of fish, cephalopods, and crustaceans (Ref. 1394).				
			
			
			
			
			
				Life cycle and mating behavior				
					Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae				
			
			
				
									
			
			
			
			
			
				Jefferson, T.A., S. Leatherwood and M.A. Webber. 1993.  (Ref. 1394)
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
					
						IUCN Red List Status    
						 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
					
					
					
				
			
			
			
			
				CITES status   (Ref. 108899)
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
				Threat to humans  
			
			
				
									
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
				Human uses  
			
			
				Fisheries: commercial			
			
			
				FAO - Fisheries: landings, species profile | FishSource | Sea Around Us			
			
			
			
			
			
Tools
			
			
			
			
				
					More information				
				
					 Life cycleReproduction
Maturity
Fecundity
Spawning
Eggs
Egg development
Larvae
  PhysiologyOxygen consumption
  Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
  
			 
			
			
			
				Internet sources
			
			
			
			
			
				Estimates based on models
			
			
			
									
						Preferred temperature  					
				 (Ref. 
115969): 12 - 24.7, mean 16.1 (based on 318 cells).			
 
			
			
			
							
					Resilience  				
				
				
					High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (K=0.33-1.14).				
			
			
						
							
				
					
						Fishing Vulnerability  					
					
					
						Moderate to high vulnerability (52 of 100).					
				
						
						
			
									
						Price category  					
					
					Unknown.