Common names from other countries  
				
							
			
		
		
			
			Gastropoda | 
Lepetellida | 
Haliotidae
			
			
			
				Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range				
				
					Ecology				
				
			
			
				Benthic; depth range 0 - 50 m.  Temperate, preferred 15°C (Ref. 107945); 32°S -   43°S, 116°E -   153°E			
			
			
				
			
			
			
				Indo-West Pacific:  Endemic to Australia, from Fremantle, Western Australia to Angourie, New South Wales and south to Blubber Head, Tasmania.
			
			
			
			
			
				Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
			
			
				Maturity: Lm ?, range 3 -  9 cm Max length : 20.0 cm SHW male/unsexed; (Ref. 93239)			
			
			
						
			
			
			
			
				
					Adults live on rocky surfaces, hidden in crevices, caves, fissures or vertical rock faces (Ref. 93239).  Frequent in estuaries, in natural beds on a shingle and mud bank (Ref. 63218).				
			
			
			
			
			
			
				
					Broadcast spawners.  Life cycle:  Embryos develop into lecithotrophic larvae and later into juvenile veligers before becoming fully grown adults.  Also Ref. 833.				
			
			
			
			
			
				The Academy of Natural Sciences. 2006.  (Ref. 3204)
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
					
						IUCN Red List Status    
						 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-1)
					
					
					
				
			
			
			
			
				CITES status   (Ref. 108899)
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
			
				
					Not Evaluated				
			
			
			
			
			
				Threat to humans  
			
			
				
									
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
			
				Human uses  
			
			
				Fisheries: commercial			
			
			
				FAO - Aquaculture: production; Fisheries: landings | FishSource | Sea Around Us			
			
			
			
			
			
Tools
			
			
			
			
				
					More information				
				
					 PhysiologyOxygen consumption
  Human RelatedStamps, coins, misc.
  
			 
			
			
			
				Internet sources
			
			
			
			
			
				Estimates based on models
			
			
			
									
						Preferred temperature  					
				 (Ref. 
115969): 14.2 - 18.4, mean 16.4 (based on 84 cells).			
 
			
			
			
							
					Resilience  				
				
				
					Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (K=0.29; tm=4.5).				
			
			
							
					 Prior r = 0.57, 95% CL = 0.37 - 0.85, Based on 3 data-limited stock assessments.				
						
							
				
					
						Fishing Vulnerability  					
					
					
						Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100).					
				
						
							
					
						Climate Vulnerability  					
					
					Very high vulnerability (78 of 100).				
						
			
			
			
				Nutrients  :  Calcium = 126 [75, 177]  mg/100g; Iron = 4.79 [1.67, 7.92]  mg/100g; Protein = 15.9 [14.8, 16.9] %; Omega3 = 0.331 [0.263, 0.400]  g/100g; Selenium = 57.8 [48.5, 67.2]  μg/100g; VitaminA = 0 μg/100g; Zinc = 1.97 [0.92, 3.02]  mg/100g (wet weight); based on 
nutrient studies.