| شماره مرجع | Pettit, T.N., G.S. Grant and G.C. Whittow, 1984 |
| بوم سازگان _ اكوسيستم | Hawaii - province |
| وضعیت | native |
| فراواني | |
| Lifestage | adults |
| Regional database | |
| Remarks | Birds breed synchronously and annually (May to November), first appearing at night in early March. Eggs were laid in mid-June and hatch in mid-August (Ref. 96995). C: Ref. 8542; O: Refs. 8542, 96995. |