| Main Ref. | Shabica, S.V., 1976 |
| Mode | dioecism |
| Fertilization | external |
| Spawning Frequency | one clear seasonal peak per year |
| Batch Spawner | No |
| Reproductive Guild |
nonguarders Open water/substratum egg scatterers |
| Description of life cycle and mating behavior | Breeding occurs every austral spring extending to summer (Ref. 116089). Life cycle: Embryos develop into planktonic trocophore larvae and later into juvenile veligers before becoming fully grown adults (Ref. 833). |
| Search for more references on reproduction | Scirus |