| Main Ref. | Prezant, R.S., M. Showers, R.L. Winstead and C. Cleveland, 1992 |
| Mode | protandry |
| Fertilization | internal (oviduct) |
| Spawning Frequency | one clear seasonal peak per year |
| Batch Spawner | No |
| Reproductive Guild |
bearers Internal live bearers |
| Description of life cycle and mating behavior | Life cycle: Fertilization occurs in the mantle cavity after the release of mature eggs in the early austral summer or late spring. Females dominate males in number during summer which is when females are brooding (early stage) nonshelled embryos in the infrabranchial chamber. Shell development begins during late summer and early autumn with simultaneous development of ova, i.e., females may simultaneously carry eggs and brood larvae. Males dominate females in number during late autumn and early winter, it is also when the ova are fully developed. Shelled juveniles are released in late winter to early summer. Egg and embryo development takes 2 years (Refs. 833, 72610, 105049). |
| Search for more references on reproduction | Scirus |