Ecology Summary - Tonicia atrata

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Ecology of Tonicia atrata

Main Ref.	Rosenberg, G., 2009
Remarks	Found on rocks and undersides of stones and boulders on sandy bottoms, often between Macrocystis, Bryozoa, polychaete-tubes, crustallinous red algae and bivalves; also near bacteria mats that are associated with volcanic springs (Ref. 87801).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds caves exclusively in caves

Highighted items on the list are where Tonicia atrata may be found.

Habitat

Substrate	Benthic: demersal; Soft Bottom: sand; Hard Bottom: rocky;
Substrate Ref.	Häussermann, V. and G. Försterra, 2009
Special habitats
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

Ref.	Häussermann, V. and G. Försterra, 2009
Associations	parasitism;
Associated with	Chitonicum simplex
Association remarks	The species hosts the unicellular parasite Chitonicum simplex (Ref. 87801).
Parasitism

feeding

Feeding type
Feeding type Ref.
Feeding habit
Feeding habit Ref.

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	original sample		unfished population		Remark
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Remark
From diet composition
From individual food items
Ref.

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