| Main Ref. | Jereb, P. and C.F.E. Roper (eds.), 2005 |
|---|---|
| Remarks | Endemic to the Mediterranean. Typically abundant over shallow waters of 15 to 30 m (but has been found at depths of a little over 150 m), generally on sandy or sandy-muddy substrates. Spawning possibly in one single event as well as continuous or intermittent. Maximum spawning duration observed is 2 months and all animals die afterwards. Exhibits a great variety of colour patterns marked with rapid colour changes during prey capture. Commonly caught by small-scale and artisanal fisheries and consumed locally together with other species of the group (Ref. 1695). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrate | Benthic: demersal; Soft Bottom: sand; mud; |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | Jereb, P. and C.F.E. Roper (eds.), 2005 |
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Carlier, A., P. Riera, J.-M. Amouroux, J.-Y. Bodiou and A. Grémare, 2007 |
| Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Carlier, A., P. Riera, J.-M. Amouroux, J.-Y. Bodiou and A. Grémare, 2007 |
| Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | |||||
| From individual food items | 3.40 | 0.50 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | |||||