| Main Ref. | Jennings, S., J. Lancaster, A. Woolmer and J. Cotter, 1999 | 
|---|---|
| Remarks | Epibenthic (Ref. 87524) on soft bottoms (Refs. 3123, 106896). Occurs in an estuary. Found in raft zones and central channel areas subject to oceanic influences (Ref. 106896). Thrives at 30-40 psu salinity range (Ref. 116556). | 
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies | 
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| Substrate | Benthic: mobile; demersal; Soft Bottom: sand; | 
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | Jennings, S., J. Lancaster, A. Woolmer and J. Cotter, 1999 | 
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. | 
| Ref. | Jennings, S., J. Lancaster, A. Woolmer and J. Cotter, 1999 | 
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism | 
| Feeding type | plants/detritus+animals (troph. 2.2-2.79) | 
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Carlier, A., P. Riera, J.-M. Amouroux, J.-Y. Bodiou and A. Grémare, 2007 | 
| Feeding habit | browsing on substrate | 
| Feeding habit Ref. | Carlier, A., P. Riera, J.-M. Amouroux, J.-Y. Bodiou and A. Grémare, 2007 | 
| Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | 3.49 | 0.41 | Troph of juv./adults. | ||
| From individual food items | 3.34 | 0.48 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | Freire, J., 1996 | ||||