| Main Ref. | Roper, C.F.E., M.J. Sweeney and C.E. Nauen, 1984 |
|---|---|
| Remarks | Individual behavior: pale coloration indicates relaxation while dark, high contrast chromatic elements indicate alertness; protracted inking occurs after an abrupt stop from a backward jetting squid; in swimming, drag is reduced from the tightening of fin curvature which reduces the fin span relative to the average fin chord; fins and arms were used to maneuver. Schooling and shoaling: schools at night were tighter than during the day (Ref. 94861). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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|
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| Substrate | Benthic: mobile; demersal; Soft Bottom: sand; mud; |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | Gotshall, D.W., 2005 |
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| Ref. | Roper, C.F.E., M.J. Sweeney and C.E. Nauen, 1984 |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Karpov, K.A. and G.M. Cailliet, 1979 |
| Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Karpov, K.A. and G.M. Cailliet, 1979 |
| Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | |||||
| From individual food items | 3.74 | 0.60 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | |||||