| Main Ref. | Poutiers, J.M., 1998 | 
|---|---|
| Remarks | Usually on hard and coarse detritic bottoms (Ref. 349). Commonly found on shallow coral reefs, particularly on patch reefs and reef flats. Also on seagrass beds (Ref. 69146). | 
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies | 
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| Substrate | Benthic: mobile; Soft Bottom: sand; Hard Bottom: rocky; | 
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | Springsteen, F.J. and F.M. Leobrera, 1986 | 
| Special habitats | Beds: sea grass; Coral Reefs: reef flats; | 
| Special habitats Ref. | Govan, H., 1995 | 
| Ref. | Poutiers, J.M., 1998 | 
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism | 
| Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) | 
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Govan, H., 1995 | 
| Feeding habit | |
| Feeding habit Ref. | 
| Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | |||||
| From individual food items | 3.23 | 0.17 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | |||||