| Main Ref. | Tröndlé, J. and R. von Cosel, 2005 |
|---|---|
| Remarks | Found in shallow waters, particularly on sand and rock flats (Refs. 799, 128042). Subtidal (Ref. 100947). Also found on reef areas of lagoons (Ref. 97298). A vermivore (Ref. 96679). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrate | Benthic: mobile; Soft Bottom: sand; Hard Bottom: rocky; |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | Springsteen, F.J. and F.M. Leobrera, 1986 |
| Special habitats | Beds: rock; Coral Reefs: lagoons; |
| Special habitats Ref. | Kohn, A.J. and G.H. Orians, 1962 |
| Ref. | Smith, B.D., 2003 |
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| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Kohn, A.J. and G.H. Orians, 1962 |
| Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Duda, T.F. Jr. and S.R. Palumbi, 2004 |
| Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | |||||
| From individual food items | 3.06 | 0.26 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | |||||