Main Ref. | Ng, P.K.L., 1998 |
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Remarks | Occurs at depths from intertidal to 50 m (Ref. 801). Subtidal (Ref. 106854). Inhabits rocky areas (Ref. 801), sandy-rocky areas (Refs. 343, 106287), corals reefs (Ref. 801) and areas near coral reefs (Ref. 343). Also found on substrates of sand or sandy mud (Ref. 125642). Subtropical and tropical climates (Ref. 343). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic: mobile; demersal; Soft Bottom: sand; mud; Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | Carpenter, K.E., F. Krupp, D.A. Jones and U. Zajonz, 1997 |
Special habitats | Beds: rock; Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Carpenter, K.E., F. Krupp, D.A. Jones and U. Zajonz, 1997 |
Ref. | Ng, P.K.L., 1998 |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | plants/detritus+animals (troph. 2.2-2.79) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Kangas, M.I., S. Morrison, P. Unsworth, E. Lai, I. Wright and A. Thomson, 2006 |
Feeding habit | |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | |||||
Ref. |