| Main Ref. | Summers, R.W., S. Smith, M. Nicoll and N.K. Atkinson, 1990 |
|---|---|
| Remarks | During the winter, it uses rocky intertidal habitats and offshore islets to forage. Molluscs make an important part of its winter diet (Ref. 118691). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
|
|
|
|
| Substrate | Hard Bottom: rocky; |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | Mallory, M.L., M.F. Elderkin, N.C. Spencer, T.A. Betsch, A.C. Russell and P.L. Mills, 2016 |
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| Ref. | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Feeding type | plants/detritus+animals (troph. 2.2-2.79) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Mallory, M.L., M.F. Elderkin, N.C. Spencer, T.A. Betsch, A.C. Russell and P.L. Mills, 2016 |
| Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Mallory, M.L., M.F. Elderkin, N.C. Spencer, T.A. Betsch, A.C. Russell and P.L. Mills, 2016 |
| Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| From diet composition | |||||
| From individual food items | 3.29 | 0.34 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Ref. | |||||