Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | CoL | ITIS | WoRMS

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Bathydemersal; depth range 0 - 6000 m (Ref. 356). Boreal; 90°N - 0°S, 97°W - 180°E

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions

Atlantic Ocean and the Arctic: North Atlantic Ocean, Arctic Ocean, Baffin Island, Magdalen Island, Russia, Canada (Ref. 1394). Pagophilus groenlandicus groenlandicus: Newfoundland, Jan Mayen (Norway), Baffin Bay, Greenland Sea, Nova Scotia, Greenland, Iceland; and vagrants in Virginia, Scotland, Germany, France; Pagophilus groenlandicus oceanicus: Barents Sea, Russia, White Sea (Ref. 1522).

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm Max length : 190 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 1394); 180 cm TL (female); max. published weight: 135.0 kg (Ref. 1394); max. published weight: 135.0 kg

Live chiefly in pack ice, but can be found away from it in summer. Feeds on a variety of crustaceans and open-water fishes during migration, and switch to several varieties of bottom dwelling fishes in summer on the northern grounds (Ref. 1394).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae

Main reference References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Jefferson, T.A., S. Leatherwood and M.A. Webber. 1993. (Ref. 1394)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 06 June 2015

CITES status (Ref. 108899)

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Human uses

Fisheries: commercial
FAO - Fisheries: landings, species profile | FIRMS (Stock assessments) | FishSource | Sea Around Us

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References

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 115969): -0.9 - 4.1, mean 0.6 (based on 2101 cells).

Vulnerability (Ref. 71543): High to very high vulnerability (71 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Unknown.

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Pagophilus groenlandicus (Erxleben, 1777)