Aves |
Charadriiformes |
Laridae
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 深度上下限 0 - 175 m (Ref. 125337), usually 25 - 175 m (Ref. 125337). ; 83°N - 3°N, 180°W - 180°E
Atlantic Ocean, Northern Pacific and the Arctic. Temperate to polar.
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm最大體重: 407.00 g (Ref. 356)
Culmen: 3.615 cm; tarsus: 4.02 cm; wing: 31.885 cm.
Found along the coastal and continental shelf, further offshore over shelf break and oceanic regions, <185 km. Exercise dipping and pattering behavior (Ref. 356). From the east coast of Scotland and northern England, this species forage widely, both inshore and offshore in the North Sea, and surface-feed by scooping prey from the water; although with relatively limited ability to exploit the water column. Known to feed on the sandeel, Ammodytes marinus and identified as most sensitive to sandeel-fishery closure in this region. They form nesting colonies with breeding pairs sharing incubation and chick-rearing duties. Adults feed their chicks with regurgitated food (Ref. 95711).
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
主要參考資料
參考文獻 | 合作者 | 合作者
Lepage, D. 2007. (Ref. 7816)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
CITES狀態 (Ref. 108899)
Not Evaluated
Not Evaluated
對人類具威脅
人類使用
| FishSource |
工具
網路資源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature
(Ref.
115969): 0.5 - 12.1, mean 7.1 (based on 1285 cells).
回復力
高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (K=17.39-48.64).
價格種類
Unknown.