| Main Ref. | Jefferson, T.A., S. Leatherwood and M.A. Webber, 1993 |
| Mode | |
| Fertilization | internal (oviduct) |
| Spawning Frequency | |
| Batch Spawner | No |
| Reproductive Guild | bearers |
| Description of life cycle and mating behavior | The mating system appears to involve sperm competition (males competing to inseminate females, not so much by physical aggression, as by delivering large loads of sperm, thereby displacing that of other males). Young are born in winter and spring in tropical or subtropical breeding areas. |
| Search for more references on reproduction | Scirus |