Main Ref. | Cain, T.D., 1975 |
Mode | dioecism |
Fertilization | external |
Spawning Frequency | no obvious seasonal peak |
Batch Spawner | No |
Reproductive Guild |
nonguarders Open water/substratum egg scatterers |
Description of life cycle and mating behavior | Life cycle: Embryos develop into free-swimming trocophore larvae, succeeded by the bivalve veliger, resembling a miniature clam (Ref. 833). Spawning is continuous throughout the year (Ref. 104339). |
Search for more references on reproduction | Scirus |