Main Ref. | Kideys, A.E., G.A. Finenko, B.E. Anninsky, T.A. Shiganova, A. Roohi, M.R. Tabari, M. Youseffyan, M.T. Rostamuan, H. Rostami and H. Negarestan, 2004 |
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Remarks | Found in the intertidal, bay and nearshore, outer continental shelf and slope (Ref. 116106). A carnivorous hunter which feeds on zooplankton, including meroplankton, fish eggs and fish larvae (Ref. 2969). Known to tolerate a wide range of salinity (3.4 to 75.0 parts per mile) and temperature (1.3 to 32°C) from its native range in the American region. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Pelagic; |
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Substrate Ref. | Moss, A.G., 2009 |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | Kideys, A.E., G.A. Finenko, B.E. Anninsky, T.A. Shiganova, A. Roohi, M.R. Tabari, M. Youseffyan, M.T. Rostamuan, H. Rostami and H. Negarestan, 2004 |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | |
Feeding habit | Hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Ivanov, V.P., A.M. Kamakin, V.B. Ushivtzev, T. Shiganova, O. Zhukova, N. Aladin, S.I. Wilson, G.R. Harbison and H.J. Dumont, 2006 |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 4.15 | 0.68 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |