Ecology Summary - Bugula neritina

Language:

Ecology of Bugula neritina

Main Ref.	Gappa, J.L., 2000
Remarks	Epibenthic, encrusting, erect (Ref. 116066). Found in rocky subtidal (Ref. 116251), on giant kelp fronds, pilings, and boats hulls to a depth of 80 meters (Ref. 865). Suspension feeder (Ref. 116251). Part of fouling communities attached to raft frames in mariculture zones (Ref. 127121).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds caves exclusively in caves

Highighted items on the list are where Bugula neritina may be found.

Habitat

Substrate	Benthic: sessile; Hard Bottom: rocky;
Substrate Ref.
Special habitats	Beds: algae/seaweed; Other habitats: pilings; boat hulls;
Special habitats Ref.	Gotshall, D.W., 2005

Associations

Ref.	Gappa, J.L., 2000
Associations	colony-forming/symphorism;
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

feeding

Feeding type	plants/detritus+animals (troph. 2.2-2.79)
Feeding type Ref.	Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce, 2017
Feeding habit	filtering plankton
Feeding habit Ref.	Ruppert, E.E., R.S. Fox and R.D. Barnes, 2004

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	original sample		unfished population		Remark
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Remark
From diet composition
From individual food items	2.63	0.28			Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
Ref.