Main Ref. | Neilson, D.J., 2011 |
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Remarks | From the littoral zones (tidepools) to depths of about 65 m, being more frequent in deeper waters with rocky substrates (Ref. 4). Juveniles are abundant on exposed or semi-protected rock reefs densely covered with sea grasses and bushy algae (Ref. 104485). Surf grass Phyllospadix spp. may provide nursery habitat for them (Refs. 104485, 104486). Adults move into holes or crevices in the benthos (Ref. 106919). They primarily feed on crustaceans, mollusks and vegetal material (Ref. 104103). Adults consume algae, seagrasses, annelids, arthropods, mollusks, echinoderms, and bryozoans (Ref. 104485). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic: mobile; Soft Bottom: sand; Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | Neilson, D.J., 2011 |
Special habitats | Beds: algae/seaweed; sea grass; |
Special habitats Ref. | Neilson, D.J., 2011 |
Ref. | Neilson, D.J., 2011 |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | plants/detritus+animals (troph. 2.2-2.79) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Castañeda-Fernández-de-Lara, V., E. Serviere‐Zaragoza, S. Hernández-Vázquez and M.J. Butler IV, 2005 |
Feeding habit | variable |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.31 | 0.31 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |