Main Ref. | Holthuis, L.B., 1991 |
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Remarks | Occurs at depths of 2 to 200 m and inhabits a rocky partly sandy environment. Feeds on algae, smaller and larger mollusks, crustaceans and dead animal matter of any kind. There is some migration to deeper waters from the end of September onwards, the species never disappears completely from the coast. In January, the migration back to shallow water starts. Preyed on by various fishes (Ref. 4). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Soft Bottom: sand; Hard Bottom: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | Holthuis, L.B., 1991 |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Holthuis, L.B., 1991 |
Feeding habit | browsing on substrate |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.34 | 0.32 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |