Ecology Summary - Grammaria immersa

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Ecology of Grammaria immersa

Main Ref.	Cairns, S.D., D.R. Calder, A. Brinckmann-Voss, C.B. Castro, D.G. Fautin, P.R. Pugh, C.E. Mills, W.C. Jaap, M.N. Arai, S.H.D. Haddock and D.M. Opresko, 2003
Remarks	Found at depths of 34 to 700 m (Ref. 120471).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds caves exclusively in caves

Highighted items on the list are where Grammaria immersa may be found.

Habitat

Substrate	Benthic: sessile;
Substrate Ref.	Ronowicz, M., A.L.P. Cantero, B.M. Casares, P. Kukliński and J.J.S. Àngel, 2019
Special habitats
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

Ref.	Bisby, F.A., M.A. Ruggiero, K.L. Wilson, M. Cachuela-Palacio, S.W. Kimani, Y.R. Roskov, A. Soulier-Perkins and J. van Hertum, 2005
Associations	colony-forming/symphorism;
Associated with
Association remarks	Colonies are erect reaching 7cm high and 5cm broad (Ref. 64386).
Parasitism

feeding

Feeding type
Feeding type Ref.
Feeding habit
Feeding habit Ref.

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	original sample		unfished population		Remark
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	Remark
From diet composition
From individual food items
Ref.