Main Ref. | Osorio, C. and V. Cantuarias, 1989 |
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Remarks | Mainly lives in limestone shoreline at the low tide mark. Also found on basalt shorelines but h in lower densities (Ref. 122680). Found on thick algal turfs along calcareous shorelines (Ref. 99817). Attach to their substrates using strong byssal threads (Ref. 122680). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic; Hard Bottom; |
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Substrate Ref. | State of hawaii, 2020 |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | |
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Feeding type Ref. | |
Feeding habit | |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | original sample | unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | |||||
Ref. |