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Ecology of Spondylus imperialis
 
Main Ref. Bernard, F.R., Y.Y. Cai and B. Morton, 1993
Remarks Found on shell debris and dead corals.

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

Marine - Neritic Marine - Oceanic Brackishwater Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies
  • supra-littoral zone
  • littoral zone
  • sublittoral zone
  • epipelagic
  • mesopelagic
  • epipelagic
  • abyssopelagic
  • hadopelagic
  • estuaries/lagoons/brackish seas
  • mangroves
  • marshes/swamps
  • rivers/streams
  • lakes/ponds
  • caves
  • exclusively in caves
Highighted items on the list are where Spondylus imperialis may be found.

Habitat

Substrate Benthic; Hard Bottom: rubble;
Substrate Ref. Springsteen, F.J. and F.M. Leobrera, 1986
Special habitats
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

Ref. Poutiers, J.M., 1998
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

feeding

Feeding type
Feeding type Ref.
Feeding habit
Feeding habit Ref.

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method original sample unfished population Remark
Troph s.e. Troph s.e.
From diet composition
From individual food items
Ref.
(e.g. 9948)
(e.g. cnidaria)
Comments & Corrections
 
 
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